UPE Lab
 

OUR CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS

 
 

URBAN COMMUNITY GARDENS

‘Forschen für Wildbienen’

How do urban gardens contribute to wild pollinator conservation? How can urban gardeners participate in pollinator conservation? In our research project Forschen für Wildbienen, we are investigating the relationships between pollinator diversity, pollination services and garden habitat management in urban community gardens. We work in 30 community gardens in Berlin and Munich Germany and use citizen science to engage gardeners in the research process. We use an inter- and transdisciplinary approach to understand the biodiversity, ecology and conservation of wild pollinators in urban gardens not only from a scientific perspective, but also to contribute to the social understanding of wild pollinators, with focus on bees.

Combining urban ecological research and citizen science, we will develop and implement conservation measures in gardening practice with gardeners and share recommendations for gardeners, politicians, urban planners and nature conservationists.

This research is funded by the Deutsche Postcode Lotterie.

BioDivHubs - Biodiversität ins Quartier

In the BioDivHubs project, we are working together with gardeners, residents, civil society organizations, science and other urban stakeholders to promote greater biodiversity in urban nature. We use community gardens as a starting point because they offer space for studies on biodiversity-promoting gardening practices, especially insect conservation. We are developing and implementing conservation measures that will be implemented in the community gardens and carried into the surrounding neighborhoods.

This research is funded by the Bundesamt für Naturschutz.

URBAN PARKS

‘StadtOasen’

The significance of urban ecosystems is increasingly linked to aspects of biodiversity and urban climate adaptation, as well as to the health of people in the city. Our StOasenWandel project focuses on the social-ecological, health- and climate-related importance of small green spaces: urban oases. We hypothesize that many small urban oases (<1ha) in our growing and increasingly warmer cities play an important role in urban climate adaptation and public health, and in aggregate have a great impact.

Our goal is to investigate the effects of urban oases on the immediate environment and human health, and determine which vegetation structures are beneficial for health and microclimate within oases. We will derive evidence-based and target-oriented recommendations for the future development of green spaces in Bavarian cities and beyond.

This research is funded by the Bavarian State Ministries for Health and Care (StMGP) and for Environment and Consumer Protection (StMUV) under the Project „Klimawandel und Gesundheit“ (VKG).

CitySoundscapes - Soundscapes across cityscapes

The "CitySoundscapes" project brings together research from forestry, landscape ecology and environmental psychology to investigate how urban green spaces must be structured and distributed in the urban space in order to provide valuable living space and be effective as health resources for people. The focus here is on so-called “soundscapes”. In cities, people are exposed to many different acoustic stimuli. Some sounds, such as those from traffic, are perceived as noise, can trigger feelings of stress and anxiety and affect health. Green spaces can attenuate these disturbing noises and use natural acoustic stimuli to reduce stress and promote concentration. We are developing a biodiversity-related index for soundscapes with the help of field inventories, 3D mobile laser scanning and acoustic recordings. In addition, a real-world laboratory is to be developed in order to incorporate biodiversity-based health interventions into urban planning and management.

This research is funded by the BMBF-Forschungsinitiative zum Erhalt der Artenvielfalt (FEdA).

suds

Research Training Group Urban Green Infrastructure

The RTG UGI integrates urban planning and design, urban ecosystems, and human health with the concept of social-ecological-technological systems (SETS). The RTG conducts research in parks, green streets, and sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) in collaboration with urban communities and policymakers. The research is divided into three interactive and interdisciplinary clusters to educate motivated scholars equipped to approach urban-centered problems with advanced tools to understand and propose sustainable solutions for people and ecosystems.

In this research, UPE will conduct experiments in SUDS using different combinations of high-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) in combination with nutrients to improve soil structure and functionality in SUDS for contaminant remediation.

This research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

ORCHARD meadows

StreuWiKlim

Orchard meadows are of high socio-ecological value as traditional, extensive agroecosystems. Climate change threatens the ecological and cultural function of these systems, yet which factors contribute to the resilience to climate change lack systematically studied.

Our project StreuWiKlim asks factors influence the resilience of orchards to changing climatic conditions with the goal to develop region-specific adaptation strategies. Using a Farmer Science approach, we will work together with orchard managers to identify the influences induced by climate change on orchard cultivation in Bavaria and to assess regional differences in order to develop sustainable adaptation strategies. We will examine to what extent different management practices, biodiversity and structural richness contribute to the resilience of orchard meadows to changing climate conditions and can therefore be recommended as adaptation measures.

This research is a collaboration with the HWST and funded by the Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (StMELF)


URBAN GARDENS


Forschen für Wildbienen

 

gardeners act as important actors in urban nature conservation.

There is a lack of research that incorporates the role of gardeners in relation to their gardening practice, interest, and motivation to develop evidence-based, practice-oriented recommendations for conservation. We combine urban ecology research and Citizen Science to develop wild bee conservation strategies in urban community gardens. The results will be published and disseminated as recommendations for gardeners, politics, urban planning and nature conservation. The cooperation between scientists and gardeners is intended to promote the interest and motivation of urban residents for nature conservation beyond joint research.

Funding: Heidehof Stiftung & deutsche postcode lotterie

the process

we conduct ecological research in urban community gardens in berlin and munich

Munich (Webkarte) // Berlin (Webkarte)

The aim is to investigate whether and how garden features and gardening practices can promote wild bee diversity and support plant pollination.

  1. Gardeners will observe pollination on selected tomato, squash, bell pepper, and strawberry plants. They documented when their plant 1) flowers, 2) is pollinated, and 3) fruits. When they harvested, they measured the size of the fruit.

  2. Scientists observe wild pollinators and documented plant, soil, and climate characteristics.

  3. Scientists studied the social aspects of the project.

Contact: garten@tum.de // Gartenbestaeuber@mfn.berlin

WEBSITE: https://www.wildbienenforschung.de/




STADTOASEN // CITY OASES


Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS)

ecological research

We use field inventories, terrestrial laser scanning, and microclimate monitoring to investigate the relationship between plant species composition, structural complexity, and meteorological aspects of urban green spaces.

Interviews with park and square visitors

social research

We use qualitative and quantitative approaches to investigate the health benefits (cooling, stress reduction, restoration, nature experience) of urban green spaces, and how such benefits are linked to natural elements of the space.

Crowd sourcing favorite places in Munich

participatory research

We use crowd sourcing and citizen science to investigate how citizens use urban green spaces, and what citizens want from urban green spaces in the context of climate change and health benefits.


Cities will be particularly affected by the impacts of climate change, e.g. due to heavy precipitation or longer periods of heat. In this context, urban green spaces including trees, park areas and forests will become enormously important in several aspects. Depending on their vegetation structure and size, these green spaces have different biophysical effects and contribute, among other things, to temperature mitigation. In recent years, the urban ecological importance of urban green spaces has been linked to aspects of biodiversity and urban climate adaptation, as well as to the health of people in the city, whose demand for recreation in urban green spaces is increasing. Urban green space can mitigate different impacts of climate change in cities, contributing directly and indirectly to the health of residents.

The StOasenWandel project focuses on the social-ecological, health- and climate-related importance of small green spaces. The importance of size and structure are investigated in terms of micrometeorological and health factors. We hypothesize that many small urban green spaces (<1ha) in our growing and warmer cities play an important role in urban climate adaptation and health care, and in aggregate have a greater impact than one large space.

The aim of the project is to investigate which effects urban green spaces can have on the immediate environment and human health, and which vegetation structures are beneficial for preventive health care and the measured and perceived microclimate. We intend to derive evidence-based recommendations for future green space development.

Project duration: 05.2022 – 05.2025

Partners: Professorship for Forest and Agroforestry Systems (Annighöfer) and Chair for Forest and Environmental Policy (Suda); Team: Peter Annighöfer, Michael Suda, Sophie Arzberger, Stefanie Burger, Birgit Probst, Vera Knill, Yannik Hecher, Sebastian Speth

Funding: Bayerisches Ministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege (StMGP), and Bayerisches Ministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz (StMUV)

Contact: Stefanie Burger (Project researcher; stefanie.burger@tum.de) and Monika Egerer (PI; monika.egerer@tum.de)

Website: www.stoasen.de

CITY SOUNDSCAPES

Photo: Sophie Arzberger

Ecological research

We investigate how urban soundscape characteristics relate to urban greenspace structural complexity and to biodiversity, and how structural complexity relates to biodiversity. Here we measure bird diversity using automated acoustic devices and measure vegetation structural complexity using mobile laser scanning.

Photo: Monika Egerer

Public Health Research

We examine how urban soundscapes influence acoustic comfort and well-being, particularly restoration effects on city dwellers and explore the pathways through which social factors (nature connection, demographics) mediate the relationship between urban soundscapes and well-being.

Photo: Monika Egerer

Participatory Research

We involve citizens, civil society organizations, and decision-makers in the development and testing of research methods. We ensure ongoing collaboration and exchanges between different stakeholders through living labs.

Recognizing urban nature as a critical habitat for biodiversity and a contributor to human well-being, the project underscores the significance of implementing biodiversity-based health interventions as a cost-effective strategy to improve the overall health of urban populations. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the CitySoundscapes Project integrates insights from forestry, landscape ecology, and environmental psychology. The primary focus of the project is the exploration of "soundscapes" within urban environments – the auditory landscape that significantly influences human experiences. In cities, diverse acoustic stimuli impact residents with specific sounds, such as traffic noise, inducing stress and anxiety. Urban green spaces emerge as potential solutions, capable of mitigating disruptive noises and offering a natural acoustic environment conducive to stress reduction and cognitive performance.

The aim of the CitySoundscapes Project is to provide valuable insights into the strategic structuring, equipping, and distribution of urban green spaces. These spaces are envisioned not only as essential habitats for biodiversity but also as effective contributors to the well-being of city dwellers. By establishing living labs and integrating biodiversity-based health interventions into urban planning and management, the project seeks to contribute to a holistic understanding of how urban environments can be optimized to simultaneously support biodiversity conservation and enhance the health and well-being of urban populations.

Project duration: 01.06.2023 – 31.05.2024 (phase 1)

Partners: Staff from the following research groups and institutes

Technische Universität München, Professorship for Urban Productive Ecosystems, Professorship for Forest and Agroforest Systems, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Chair for Terrestrial Ecology

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research

Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Engineering Acoustics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Acoustics

Funding: BMBF-Forschungsinitiative zum Erhalt der Artenvielfalt (FEdA)

Contact: Prof. Dr. Monika Egerer (Pl; monika.egerer@tum.de)

Website: https://www.feda.bio/de/projekte/biodivgesundheit/citysoundscapes-beziehungen-zwischen-biodiversitaet-geraeuschkulissen-und-gesundheit/

 

SUDS: SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS


(techno)soils

We experiment with different high-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) that are abundant and cheap in cities (e.g., biochar, compost) to investigate the potential of soil combinations to improve soil carbon sequestration and the associated formation of soil structure, which is critical for water infiltration and contaminant binding.

water dynamics

We assess the role of different soil amendment combinations to improve the removal of heavy metals and biocides, and analyze the physico-chemical mechanisms responsible for pollutant removal. Then we will investigate the remobilization potential of pollutants in soil remediation strategies.

plant & animal communities

We analyze the potential of HCA soil remediation strategies for above-ground plant communities and below-ground microbial communities. With this knowledge, we will implement strategies in Munich to test how improved soil structure and function can promote plant functional diversity but also reduce contaminant risk.


Urbanization has disrupted or replaced natural hydrological processes due to the regulation of urban watercourses, sealing, and degrading of natural soils. This results in reduced infiltration and frequent flooding, and the accumulation of pollutants from traffic, building materials, and industrial processes. Current technical solutions lead stormwater runoff via the sewer system out of the cities and discharge it into sewage treatment plants or surface waters. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) that manage stormwater on-site may be a potential solution to absorb large amounts of stormwater, deal with pollutants, prevent erosion, and be planted with low maintenance plant communities that support biodiversity. However, there is a lack of understanding of the techno-ecological characteristics of SUDS as elements of green infrastructure that provides multiple functions and ecosystem services. Implementing large-scale SUDS programs requires new knowledge about the distribution and functional properties of soils relevant for plant systems and hydrological cycling.

This research combines expertise in wastewater treatment and urban drainage with ecology, soil science, and vegetation management to create SUDS that improve water purification, carbon sequestration, and above- and below-ground biodiversity. We will conduct technical and semi-technical experiments using high-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) in combination with nutrients to improve soil structure and functionality for contaminant remediation, water conservation and supporting above- and below-ground biodiversity and function. Knowledge will be used to implement and test SUDS in the City of Munich in final stages of the project.

Project duration: 04.2022 – 09.2026

Team: PIs: Prof. Dr. Brigitte Helmreich, Prof. Dr. Dr. Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Prof. Dr. Johannes Kollmann, Prof. Dr. Michael Schloter; Doctoral Candidates: Nadja Berger, Natalie Páez-Curtidor, Lauren Porter, Swanandee Nulkar; Research Affiliates: Dr. Franziska Bucka, Dr. Stefanie Schulz, Dr. Leonardo H. Teixeira

Funding: German Research Foundation DFG.

Contact: Lauren Porter (Project researcher, PhD Candidate; lauren.porter@tum.de), Ingrid Kögel-Knabner (PI: koegel@tum.de), and Monika Egerer (PI; monika.egerer@tum.de)

Website: https://www.gs.tum.de/en/grk/urban-green-infrastructure/cluster-and-subprojects/cluster-3/ (Spokesperson: Prof. Dr. Stephan Pauleit)


TRADITIONAL ORCHARDS // STREUOBSTWIESEN


environmental conditions

We will assess agroecosystem diversity and complexity, and monitor local meteorological conditions in relation to different (animal) biodiversity and ecosystem services relevant to fruit production and climate resilience.

farmer science

Participatory research such as Farmer Science enhances the collaboration between orchard managers and researchers. We work with orchard managers to better leverage and promote local expertise and knowledge.

resilient best-practices

Our goal is to provide evidence-based best management practices that may increase the resilience of Streuobstwiesen and the biodiversity therein and ecosystem services provided under climate change.

 

Traditional orchard meadows – in German, ‘Streuobstwiesen’ – are of high socio-ecological value as traditional, extensive agricultural systems. The combination of grassland and woody plants harbors considerable plant and animal biodiversity. They also provide important ecosystem services aside from fruit production; this includes regulatory services such as microclimate and water balance regulation. Furthermore, they are important in terms of recreation, landscape appearance, cultural heritage, and varietal diversity.

In the context of climate change, we know very little about the effects of e.g., changes in hours of sunshine and solar radiation, spring and fall temperatures, milder winters, and increasing dry spells on fruit production. Characteristics such as high varietal diversity, animal and plant species diversity, tree age diversity, and extensive land use suggest high climate resilience. Yet, we lack systematic assessments across regions of various environmental conditions of how observed changes are related to regional climate parameters, management measures and stand parameters such as biodiversity and structural complexity.

Together with 40 orchard managers across 4 regions in Bavaria, the project StreuWiKlim aims to: (1) assess the impacts of climate change on orchard cultivation in Bavaria; (2) identify factors that influence the climate resilience of Streuobstwiesen; and (3) develop region-specific adaptation strategies. We will examine to what extent different management practices, biodiversity as well as structural complexity contribute to the resilience of orchard meadows to changing climate conditions. We use participatory research approaches or Citizen Science to leverage the knowledge diversity of different stakeholder groups, where we see that farmers themselves have immense local expertise as land users, and are the ones who can benefit the most from research findings. In this project, knowledge generated through 'Farmer Science' is a cornerstone of the research process.

Project duration: 10.2022 – 09.2025

Partners: Prof. Dr. Markus Reinke & Rebekka Honecker; Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Weihenstephan-Triesdorf (HSWT); Team: Niclas Hoegel, Rebeekka Honecker, Julia Schmack, Susanne Raum, Markus Reinke, Monika Egerer.

Funding: Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten

Contact: Niclas Hoegel (Project coordination, niclas.hoegel@tum.de) and Julia Schmack (Scientific Advising, j.schmack@tum.de)

Website: https://www.streuwiklimprojekt.de/